LESSON 3.3 "MAKING A PHONE CALL" (UNIT 3)(ASO PI-1)

LESSON 3.3 "MAKING A PHONE CALL"


EJERCICIOS DE PRÁCTICA

LESSON 3.2 QUESTIONS WITHOUT AUXILARIES (OBJECT AND SUBJECT QUESTIONS) (UNIT 3) (ASO PI-1)

Subject And Object Questions In English

SUBJECT AND OBJECT IN ENGLISH

First, let’s review the difference between a subject and an object.

The subject of a sentence is the person or thing that performs the action:

• We want some fruit juice.
• Karen likes Fred.
• Smoking causes cancer.
• Daniel made a sandwich.
• The earthquake damaged my house.
• Jennifer lied to Sam.

The object of a sentence is the person or thing that is acted upon, or receives the action:

• We want some fruit juice.
• Karen likes Fred.
• Smoking causes cancer.
• Daniel made a sandwich.
• The earthquake damaged my house.
• Jennifer lied to Sam.

OBJECT QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH

Most questions in English are object questions – we want to know about the receiver of the action. These questions follow the QUASM formula: Question word – Auxiliary verb – Subject – Main verb.

For questions in the simple present, the auxiliary verbs are do and does: 

• What do you want to drink?
  We want some fruit juice.
• Who does Karen like?
  Karen likes Fred.
• What does smoking cause?
  Smoking causes cancer.

For questions in the simple past, the auxiliary verb is did:

• What did Daniel make?
  Daniel made a sandwich.
• What did the earthquake damage?
  The earthquake damaged my house.
• Who did Jennifer lie to?
  Jennifer lied to Sam.

SUBJECT QUESTIONS IN ENGLISH

However, sometimes we want to ask about the subject. We don’t know the person or thing who performed the action, and we want to find out.

This type of question is called a subject question, and subject questions do NOT use the auxiliary verbs do, does, and did.

How to form subject questions:

• Who / What + verb in simple present or simple past + object ?

Examples of subject questions in the simple present:

• Who wants some fruit juice?
  We want some fruit juice.
• Who likes Fred?
  Karen likes Fred.
• What causes cancer?
  Smoking causes cancer.

Examples of subject questions in the simple past:

• Who made a sandwich?
  Daniel made a sandwich.
• What damaged your house?
  The earthquake damaged my house.
• Who lied to Sam?
  Jennifer lied to Sam.

SUBJECT AND OBJECT QUESTIONS IN OTHER VERB TENSES

In other verb tenses – present continuous, present perfect, etc. – the auxiliary verbs are forms of the verbs be and have. In these verb tenses, we still use the verbs be and have in both subject and object questions:

Present continuous:

• Subject Q: Who is washing the car?
• Object Q: What is Paul washing?
• Answer: Paul is washing the car.

Past continuous:

• Subject Q: Who was talking about the problem?
• Object Q: What was the manager talking about?
• Answer: The manager was talking about the problem.

Present perfect:

• Subject Q: Who has spent $1000 on a computer?
• Object Q: How much have your parents spent on a computer?
• Answer: My parents have spent $1000 on a computer.

Present perfect continuous:

• Subject Q: Who has been working on this project?
• Object Q: What have you been working on?
• Answer: I have been working on this project.

Future with WILL:

• Subject Q: What will help the students?
• Object Q: Who will this book help?
• Answer: This textbook will help the students.

Future with GOING TO:

• Subject Q: Who is going to order dessert?
• Object Q: What are you going to order?
• Answer: We are going to order dessert.

THE SIMPLEST RULE FOR SUBJECT/OBJECT QUESTIONS

When you are going to ask a question in the simple present or simple past using who or what, ask yourself,

“Am I asking about the doer of the action or the receiver of the action?”

If you’re asking about the doer/subject, then DON’T use do/does/did:

• Who does want fruit juice?
  Who wants fruit juice?
• What did damage your house?
  What damaged your house?

If you’re asking about the receiver/object, then YES – use do/does/did:

• What do you want to drink?
• What did the earthquake damage?

UNIT 3 LESSON 3.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS / "BE GOING TO" FOR FUTURE PLANS / PREDICTIONS (ASO PI-1)

LESSON 3.1 PRESENT CONTINUOUS / "BE GOING TO" FOR FUTURE PLANS / PREDICTIONS

Both going to and present continuous are used to talk about future actions and events that have some present reality. So, for example, if we say that something is happening or going to happen, it is usually already decided or planned.

We are going to get new windows.

We are getting new windows.

As you can see, both sentences express nearly the same idea.

Both present continuous and be going to can be used to express the same idea. In some cases there is a difference of meaning.

The present continuous tense is common with verbs of movement.

I am just popping out to the café.

Are you coming to the party?

The present continuous tense is mainly used to talk about personal arrangements and fixed plans. Be going to can also be used to express the same idea; however, it puts an extra emphasis on the idea of intention.

• I am going to get a new job. (= I intend to get a job.)

• I am getting a new job. (= It is already decided / arranged.  Here the focus is on the arrangement.)

• What are you doing this evening? (A question about arrangements)

• Are you going to do anything about that letter you received from the civic authorities? (A question about the intentions of the listener)

• I am seeing Peter tomorrow. (Here the emphasis is on the arrangement that already exists.)

• I am going to ask him to stop borrowing my car. (Here the emphasis is on the intentions of the speaker.)

Events outside people’s control

We do not normally use the present continuous to talk about events that are outside people’s control.

• It is going to snow before long. (NOT It is snowing before long.)

• Look at the sky. It is going to rain.
• Prices are going to fall.

The sentences ‘It is raining’ and ‘Prices are falling’ have altogether different meanings. They are used to talk about actions or situations that are in progress at the moment. Be going to is only used to talk about future events

PROJECT P2: WRITE A PERFECT PLAN FOR A PERFECT DAY.

PROJECT: WRITE A PERFECT PLAN FOR A PERFECT DAY.

First off, match key phrases with the sentences below.

Key phrases:

a)      We’re starting the day …

b)      We’re going to …

c)       Afterward, for lunch we’re …

d)      In the afternoon, we’re planning to …

e)      In the evening, we’re ...

f)       It’s going to be …

1-      … spend the morning walking through the market.

2-      … a day to remember.

3-      … with a coffee and fresh pastry.

4-      … go a little outside Pisa.

5-      … going to one of the best restaurants I know.

6-      … going back toward the Leaning Tower.

You are going to plan 24 hours in a city of your choice. Plan your day in detail. Try to include areas that only locals would know about. Use the questions below to help you.

1-      Which city are you planning to visit?

2-      What are you going to do there?

3-      How are you going to get around?

4-      What are you going to eat/drink? Where?

5-      What are you planning for the evening?

6-      What is going to make the day special?

15 words for each questions (TO TURN IN)

Then, prepare a power point presentation about it with images and everything (don’t show your answer on the slides, just pictures)

PROYECTO No. 2 “VISITANDO UNA NUEVA CIUDAD”

Lo primero que debe cubrir es responder las preguntas a continuación (página 35) 15 palabras para cada pregunta

• ¿Qué ciudad estás planeando visitar?

•¿Qué vas a hacer allí?

• ¿Cómo vas a moverte?

• ¿Qué vas a comer / beber? ¿Dónde?

• ¿Qué estás planeando para la noche?

• ¿Qué va a hacer el día especial?

15 palabras para cada pregunta (PARA ENTREGAR)

Luego, prepare una presentación en power point al respecto con imágenes y todo (no muestre sus respuestas en las diapositivas, solo imágenes)

LESSON 2.3 EXPRESSING LIKES AND DISLIKES (UNIT 2) (ASO PI-1)

There are a number of verbs and other phrases to show likes and dislikes. after these verbs and phrases, we usually use the -ing form.

LESSON 2.2 FREQUENCY ADVERBS (UNIT 2) ASO P-I 1 (ASO PI-1)

Adverbs of frequency. Adverbios de frecuencia.

• Archivado en Adverbios de Frecuencia, Inglés

Utilizamos los adverbios de frecuencia para indicar con que frecuencia (“How often”) realizamos una determinada actividad o acción.

Aunque hay más, los adverbios de frecuencia más usuales con su traducción aproximada son:

• Always (siempre)
• Usually ( usualmente)
• Normally // Generally (normalmente // generalmente)
• Often // Frequently (frecuentemente // a menudo)
• Sometimes (algunas veces)
• Occasionally (ocasionalmente)
• Seldom (pocas veces)
• Hardly ever // Rarely (casi nunca // rara vez)
• Never (nunca)

En la siguiente imagen podemos ver claramente que “frecuencia” indica cada uno:

Pica en la imagen para ampliarla.

¿Como se utilizan?

• Adverbs of frequency go before the main verb but after verb “to be” (se colocan antes del verbo principal pero después del verbo “to be”).
  • They don´ t usually watch TV.
  • She never eats sweets.
  • They are usually in bed by 11:30
  • She´s never eaten Chinese food.
  • Have you ever had a really serious illness? (= ever = alguna vez)

• Sometimes, usually, normally, frequently, often and occasionally can also go at the beginning or end of a sentence (en ocasiones, los adverbios indicados, pueden ir al principio o al final de la oración).
  • Sometimes I walk to work.
  • Do you see your parentes often?

• Frequency expressions or adverbs phrases of frequency (every evening, once a week, twice a week…) normally go at the end a clause (las “expresiones de frecuencia” se colocan al final de la oración).
  • I watch TV every evening.
  • I go to the cinema twice a week.

• We use “How often…?” to ask (utilizamos la fórmula “How often…” para preguntar por la frecuencia con la que alguien hace algo).
  • How often do they watch TV? They watch TV every evening.
  • How often do you go swimming? I go swimming once a week.

LESSON 2.1 PRESENT SIMPLE AND CONTINUOUS (UNIT 2) (ASO PI-1)

CÓMO ENTENDER EL SIMPLE PRESENT Y EL PRESENT CONTINUOUS

La principal diferencia entre el presente simple y presente continuo está en su uso, el presente continuo indica acciones que suceden mientras hablamos, mientras que el presente simple se utiliza para expresar acciones habituales o situaciones permanentes.

Otra diferencia es la formación de ambos tiempos verbales: para el present simpleutilizamos el verbo en presente, mientras que para el present continuous usamos el verbo auxiliar to be más el gerundio del verbo correspondiente.

¿QUÉ MÁS DEBERÍAS SABER SOBRE EL SIMPLE PRESENT Y EL PRESENT CONTINUOUS?

Queremos que tengas clara la estructura de estos tiempos verbales y su uso, aquí tienes algunas indicaciones:

Simple present

Su formación es muy fácil, se utiliza la forma verbal en presente. Por ejemplo:

Susan lives in London.

(Susan vive en Londres).

Present continuous

Se utiliza el auxiliar to be más el gerundio del verbo principal, es decir, la forma acabada en -ing. Por ejemplo:

I am going to the cinema.

(Estoy yendo al cine).

Diferencias de uso

La diferencia es muy clara, el present continuous indica acciones que pasan mientras hablas, el present simple indica acciones habituales o permanentes. Por ejemplo:

Peter goes to the supermarket on Saturdays.

(Peter va al supermercado los sábados).

Peter is driving to his office now.

(Peter está conduciendo hacia su oficina ahora).